Dr. Fernando Arias

the meat and potatoes of HIPEC


So I have returned to the United States and back on assignment for the next couple of months, so it’s time to get down to business.

A couple of new HIPEC articles came out – which I thought readers might enjoy.  For lighter fare, we will start with an article from the Vancouver Sun.

The first article, by Erin Ellis of the Vancouver Sun, is a Canadian fluff piece complete with sensationalistic headlines and dramatic patient interviews designed to draw attention to Vancouver General Hospital’s new HIPEC program.

 Dr. Fernando Arias

Dr. Fernando Arias, Chief of the HIPEC program at Santa Fe de Bogotá

Now for the meat and potatoes

The second article, which is more academically and scientifically based, is  focused on a study presented at the Southern Surgical Association  in December by Levine, et. al. (2014) “Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Experience with 1,000 Patients” looks at long-term survival with HIPEC in patients with disseminated peritoneal malignancies.  This study is remarkable for both the duration of the prospective study (which began in 1991) and the large amount of participants for a single site study.  The vast majority of patients enrolled in this study had appendiceal cancer as their primary, but the study also included patients with ovarian, gastric, mesothelioma and colorectal cancers.

The evolution of the procedure and institutional experience led to improved outcomes and reduced complications over the course of the study.  Part of this was due to the development of better patient selection criteria.

This information comes as a ray of hope for patients with these diagnoses and previously given only dismal prognoses.

Dr. Edward Levine, the primary investigator, is the Chief of Surgical Oncology and Director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Medical Center in North Carolina.

It was published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons, and summarized here, at Heme/Onc Today

Levine, et. al. (2014).  Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Experience with 1,000 Patients.  Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 218(4): 573–585 (April 2014).  No free text available.

Additional HIPEC posts: the HIPEC archives 

HIPEC, HIPEC, HIPEC: all about HIPEC


Now that Case Western has decided to adopt HIPEC for treatment of gynecological cancers (uterine, ovarian, endometrial etc.) they have published an article patting themselves on the back.. 

But truthfully, not bad, case western, not bad at all.. It’s a good article with a nice explanation for people new to Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy – (and I am always happy to see more state-of-the-art treatments offered to people with cancer.)

That’s one of the reasons we’ve championed HIPEC here at Bogota Surgery –  state-of-the-art cancer treatment with an excellent track record according to medical literature and published research.  Too often patients, particularly patients with cancer or other serious medical illnesses are preyed upon with junk or uncertain science, like super-vitamin supplement programs, Laetrile clinics and quasi-futuristic stem-cell therapies.

But HIPEC is different, and it’s been here for quite a while  – with over ten years worth of scientific data to support continued experimentation (large-scale) and use.

We first encountered HIPEC in Bogotá at the hands of Dr. Fernando Arias at Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogotá.  In our continued quest for information (see our series on HIPEC) – he continues to be at the forefront of HIPEC treatment with more experience than doctors like Dr. Trey Blazer at Duke, teams at Case Western, and the other scattered programs throughout the United States.  With the exception of its creator, Dr. David Sugarbaker – Dr. Arias has as much experience, evidence and training as anyone I’ve encountered..

See our tab labelled Cytoreductive Surgery for more on HIPEC

The latest HIPEC headlines


More ongoing research trials to validate HIPEC as a potential treatment for ovarian cancer.

The University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio recently started several new clinical trials to test the effectiveness of hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy  in women with ovarian and endometrial cancer.  Unfortunately, the trials are small (around 60 woman) which means that even positive results will be far from definitive for researchers involved in the HIPEC debate.  It also offers only limited opportunities for patients with ovarian cancer to receive potentially life-saving treatment.

Medpage recently published a nice overview on ovarian cancer and the current treatment modalities – which can be seen here.

More on HIPEC: here at Bogota Surgery:

What is HIPEC? What’s it used for?

Who does HIPEC?

HIPEC updates:

Update #1

Looks like Panama may bite off more than they can chew..


In a recently published story, the government of Panama is now offering medical  insurance for all tourists to Panama for free.  This insurance is not  ‘Complication Insurance’ which is offered by private surgeons in Colombia and other countries for patients traveling specifically for medical tourism.  Complication insurance covers all possible medical complications resulting from medical procedures at the designated clinic or destination..

No – Panama is taking the European and socialized medicine approach and is offering general medical coverage for ALL short-term travelers to Panama.  (The long-term exclusion is a wise move given the numbers of Americans and other overseas residents who make Panama their retirement home.)  This insurance resembles typical travel policies in that it covers injuries, accidents and other medical situations that may occur while on vacation..  I just hope the Panamanian government hasn’t underestimated its tourists and their injury/ illness potential.

Now readers – don’t get any wild ideas.. This is not the time to stress that ‘trick knee’ while hiking to visit the Naso-Teribes..

Meanwhile, Costa Rica is making a pitch for more corporate clients such as Pepsi-Cola.  These multi-national corporations can potentially bring hundreds of millions of healthcare dollars by diverting their employees to medical tourism destination such as Costa Rica.  (Like Colombia – Costa Rica is an ideal destination for North Americans due to proximity, quality and diversity of services available.)

A new medical center for Bogota?


There’s a new article over at IMTJ about a new medical facility being built in Bogotá – but it’s not the facility itself that is interesting (sounds like a new private cosmetic surgery mega-clinic).

It’s the statistics within the article that caught my eye.  I’m not sure how accurate these statistics are, but if true – it confirms much of what we’ve been saying here at Bogotá Surgery.  I’ve placed a direct quote from the article below:

According to Colombia’s Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism the most popular treatments sought by visitors are heart surgery (41%), general surgery (13%), gastric band surgery (10%), cosmetic surgery (10%), cancer treatment (6%), orthopedic treatment (4%, dental care (2%) and eyecare (1%).”

If this information is even remotely accurate – it confirms what many of within the medical tourism have been saying – and contradicts much of the popular media reports.

People aren’t just going overseas for breast implants and face-lifts – people are going overseas for essential lifesaving treatments, and procedures to improve their quality of life.

This is an important distinction to  make, but many people tend to see cosmetic procedures as frivolous, and consider the issues around medical tourism, and travel health to be equally unconcerning*.  So when they see flashy news stories (good or bad) about patients having overseas surgery (which the media usually portrays as plastic surgery) they shrug and change the channel.

Hmmm.. patient died of liposuction in Mexico (or Phoenix or India..)  Or Heidi whatshername had 26 procedures at a clinic overseas..

But as these statistics show – that’s not the reality of medical tourism – and that’s what makes all of the issues around it even more important.

People may not get fired up about insurance coverage for medical tourism for cosmetic surgery – but what about tumor resection?  or mobility restoring orthopedic procedures? Or as cited above, life-saving heart surgery?

When put into this context – the government (President Obama’s) stance against medical tourism looks a little less democratic – particularly given the state of American healthcare.

* This is not the opinion of the author – but an accurate reflection of statements made in multiple articles and news stories

 

In other news:  Joint Commission take note:  The Indian Health Commission plans to perform surprise health inspections of Indian facilities to ensure quality standards.  (Joint Commission announces their impending visits months ahead of time.)  Joint Commission is the organization that accredits most American hospitals.

HIPEC: the latest research results


If you remember, previous New York Times articles questioned the efficacy of hyperthermic chemotherapy given during cytoreductive surgery.  We promised to investigate, and return with more results to this question.

Recently several articles have been published on the topic, including this one – in the journal of Clinical Oncology.  This narrative by Maurie Markman talks about the quick dismissal of HIPEC by many oncologists, particularly for larger tumors – and he questions the wisdom of this approach in light of recent research results.

In fact, several large new American studies – including one at Case Western are examining the use of HIPEC, particularly in gynecological cancers like ovarian and uterine cancers which carry a dismal prognosis.

American Hospitals are finally jumping on the HIPEC bandwagon…

Detroit hospital offering HIPEC

Atlanta docs, robots and HIPEC

This last link isn’t really news – it’s a press release, but since it’s on a surgical oncologist (Dr. Wilbur Bowne) who was an early American adopter of HIPEC, I thought readers might be interested.

Previous Bogota Surgery posts on HIPEC

HIPEC: The basics

Bogota Surgeons stay ahead of the curve

The Future is Now: HIPEC

Looks like it’s about time to check in with our favorite surgical oncologist, and HIPEC expert, Dr. Fernando Arias..

Check back soon for more..

HIPEC in the news again..


Another story about bringing HIPEC to the masses – this time in Mumbai, India..  I have to wonder about the research for the article – everytime I see the phrase, “A ray of hope”..  sounds suspiciously like the original title of a certain article (in Colombia Reports.com) all of us are familiar with over here at Bogota Surgery.org.

HIPEC and peritoneal mesothelioma – more effective in women?

New article on HIPEC


There’s a new article on the HIPEC procedure that’s a nice read for people interested in this procedure.  The article is unrelated to medical tourism – it’s about the first application of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy at a private facility in India.  (As you can imagine – I wouldn’t recommend that anyone have a procedure at a facility where doctors have just started trialling the technique.) That being said – the article gives a nice overview of the procedure itself.

Back to Bogota


Raleigh – Durham Airport (RDU) – A more personal post today for readers –

The nice thing about traveling to Colombia is that even though the distances are pretty far geographically, flight times are pretty short.  After a one hour flight to Miami, it’s just three short hours to Bogotá.  Despite that – Bogotá is certainly a world away from my quiet life in Virginia.

– Now I am here in the airport, beginning my journey back to Colombia, starting with a week in Bogotá, my favorite of all Colombian cities (so far!)  My adoration of Bogotá came as quite of a surprise to me – and still surprises me after all these months.  I’d enjoyed Cartagena – that beautiful, historic but steamy coastal city, but I expected that.  It has architecture, museums, monuments along with the ocean, and a latin-caribbean feeling that I like so much.  Anyone can love Cartagena with its elegant fortresses, warm sunny weather and welcoming residents.  No – Bogota is different.  It’s high mountain elevation (8000 ft) gives it a unique climate (eternal fall) with distinct rainy seasons. The city sprawl extends the entire basin of the foot of the mountains – the city itself is surrounded by a haze mix of cloud, smog/ pollution from its inhabitants..

No, my enjoyment of Bogotá was a complete surprise.  I had expected to tolerate the city, to endure the bustle, rush, the traffic and the very condensed humanity that is a city of ten million people.  It was, in my mind, a necessary evil as part of my research for writing the book.  I am many things, but a city girl?  Not hardly.  A more rustic/ rural / redneck gal could not be found, in northern Nevada, West Virginia and now, in the smallest of urban cities, a mere hamlet of southern Virgina.  I expected to be intimidated by the sheer volume of people; after all, I hate crowds, and busy public places. But somehow, it was the complete opposite – it was invigorating, intoxicating.

The very sophistication, the people, the life of the city was addicting in a way I never expected.  As three months turned to four, and then five – I kept expecting for my love affair with the city to fade or flame out.  But it hasn’t, and I am already mourning my return to the USA.

In Bogota Surgery news:

The New York Times has recently published an article talking about the HIPEC procedure as “bringing hope to patients**”.  In typical media fashion, they manage to interview the one surgeon who talks about the procedure in an exceedingly cavalier fashion – and the author of the article reinforces this with his terminology (which I find disturbing.)   Did he really need to describe the surgery thusly:

“After slicing the man’s belly wide open, he thrust his gloved hands deep inside, and examined various organs, looking for tumors. He then lifted the small intestine out of the body to sift it through his fingers.

As he found tumors, he snipped them out. “You can see how this is coming off like wallpaper,” Dr. Lowy said as he stripped out part of the lining of the man’s abdominal cavity.

After about two hours of poking and cutting, Dr. Lowy began the so-called shake and bake. The machine pumped heated chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity for 90 minutes while nurses gently jiggled the man’s bloated belly to disperse the drug to every nook and cranny. ”

Blatent sensationalism in my opinion – certainly guaranteed to sell papers.  If they terrorize a few patients in the process, I guess they don’t care..  Using patient friendly terminology doesn’t mean writing an article like a Stephen King novel..  But then – I am guessing that Andrew Pollack has never had a close family member or friend facing this sort of illness.

The author also does a poor job researching his sources or the actual clinical indications for the procedure, but Bogota Surgery readers will be interested to note the cost of the procedure in the USA ranges from 20,000 to 100,000 – which certainly provides plenty of incentive for medical tourism.

However, despite this fantastic language – the authors voice serious concerns about the effectiveness and appropriateness of this procedure.  As you know, I have been following the available research and will continue to do so – to bring readers more information about this procedure; it’s feasibility and effectiveness.

** Since publishing my initial article on HIPEC with hope in the title, there have been a spate of articles using that terminology, as well as several blatent rip-offs of my original article.  The success of this article has been surprising, as well as the level of plagerism with on-line media, including large, well-known media outlets.

The Future is Now – HIPEC in the news again..


Another article on the effectiveness of HIPEC (cytoreductive surgery with intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy) in the news.  This story comes out of India and highlights doctors there and the HIPEC procedure for treatment of abdominal cancers (intestinal and ovarian cancers.)

The Future is Now..  in an article on Medscape, dated December of 2010 and originally published in Future Oncology, Dr. Ze Lu et. al discusses the future of cancer treatment.  (The article is several pages in length – so I haven’t re-posted but reference information is provided below).  Dr. Ze Lu and his colleagues believe the future of oncology treatment is…. Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (HIPEC)..

In August, we’ll check back in with Bogotá’s resident expert on HIPEC, Dr. Fernando Arias.

Reference:

Lu, Z., Wang, J.,  Wientjes, G., & Au, J. (2010).  Intraperitoneal therapy for peritoneal cancer.  Future Oncology. 2010 (6) 10; 1625 -1641

Bogota surgeons stay ahead of the curve


As we’ve seen several times before, Bogotá surgeons stay ahead of the curve on cutting edge treatments.  In the last several weeks, HIPEC or Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (Sugarbaker procedure) has been dotting the news headlines in the United States, and across the globe.

But as my readers here at Bogotá Surgery know, not only have we talked about HIPEC in the past – Dr. Arias has been performing this procedure at Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota since 2009.  He reports he did eight cases in May alone.  (This is considered fairly high volume if you review the amount of cases being done at other centers.)

Planning to catch up with Dr. Arias and check in later this summer..

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy


I’ve been wanting to write more on this topic since I initially discussed it with Dr. Fernando Arias, MD but first, I had to educate myself more on the topic, before I could present it here. After some additional reading, and lots of additional questions for Dr. Arias – here we go…

When I first heard about this treatment being offered here in Bogota – I knew I had to tell you all about it: since this treatment is used to treat patients that are otherwise out of options.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is used to treat patients with advanced abdominal cancers such as digestive or gynecological cancers that have spread inside the peritoneum (abdominal cavity). In many cases, these patients would otherwise receive either standard chemotherapy (not very effective) or palliative treatment only at this point – and had a very dismal** prognosis.
Now obviously, this isn’t some sort of miracle cure for everybody, and it isn’t easy, or complication-free – in fact, it is an intensive, radical approach with serious side effects, and potentially lethal complications
but it is a chance to try and aggressively pursue treatment for patients who would otherwise have little or no hope.

Some of the long term data have been very encouraging, showing significant five year survival benefits, but some of the reseach doesn’t. Some of the long term data is marred by changing techniques, administration and chemotherapy dosing.. A lot of the research, such as the Dutch trial showing 8 year follow up is plagued by small sample sizes, which limits our ability to draw strong conclusions about therapy. However, in a few of the articles I reviewed, the “c” word (Cure) was used selectively.

This treatment has been around for about ten years, but it isn’t widely available. It’s only offered at about 14 centers in the USA, a few in Europe and three in Latin America (one being here in Bogota).

So what is it? HIPEC or the short hand for this complex mouthful is surgery (laparoscopic surgery here in Bogota) to remove all visible of cancer tissue, while infusing HOT (hyperthermic) chenotherapy to kill all the cancer cells that are microscopic or not visible to the naked eye in surgery. The advantage of instilling chemotherapy right into the abdomen is that treatment is directed at the site of the disease. The warm solution promotes more effectively killing of cancer cells, and by combining surgery with chemotherapy, doctors are able to treat more advanced cancers with more effective treatment modalities (in cancer-speak: being able to surgically remove cancer is always more effective that treating it with drugs, but with standard treatments doctors could only treat limited disease (disease that had not spread). It sounds pretty simple, but it’s actually a fairly complex, drawn out process that takes multiple, multiple hours in the operating room and requires patients to be hospitalized for at least a week.

So far, Dr. Arias, and the oncologist he works with (sorry, I am blanking on the spelling of his name) started a program to offer this treatment in Bogota in 2009. Since then, they have performed over 30 cases (which if you look at the research, you’ll see is actually a fairly large number) since then.

** ‘dismal’ and ‘very dismal’ is not my editorializing; this language was used in several of the articles I read.

I’ve included some references for more information on this treatment for my readers, at the bottom of the page.

Additional References: (links to original research articles)

1. If you are only going to read one article; read this french one (in english) called:Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Advanced
Gastric Cancer: The End of Skepticism?
It gives a good overview of WHO benefits from this treatment in regards to patients with gastric cancers.

2. Ten year’s experience of Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy – San Guiseppe Hospital, Italy

3. Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy – this is a technical article that explains the rationale of treatment, and the actual methods of treatment with discussion for other medical personnel.

4. A very small Dutch trial with 8 year outcomes